Display device

ABSTRACT

A display device includes: a display panel configured to display an image; a sound element on a rear side of the display panel; and a rear chassis configured to receive the display panel and protect the rear side of the display panel, and including a protruding portion protruding away from the rear side of the display panel and corresponding to the sound element. The sound element includes a pair of electrodes, and a vibration material layer between the electrodes.

This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser.No. 15/830,305 filed Dec. 4, 2017, which is a continuation applicationof U.S. application Ser. No. 14/140,708 filed Dec. 26, 2013 and issuedas U.S. Pat. No. 9,854,078 on Dec. 26, 2017, which claims priority toKorean Patent Application No. 10-2013-0051316 filed on May 7, 2013, andall the benefits accruing therefrom under 35 U.S.C. § 119, the entirecontents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND (a) Field

The invention relates to a display device, and more particularly, to adisplay device generating a sound or vibration in addition to displayingan image.

(b) Description of the Related Art

Display devices have been developed from a cathode ray tube (“CRT”) tovarious flat panel display devices such as a liquid crystal display(“LCD”), a plasma display panel (“PDP”), an organic light emittingdisplay (“OLED”), an electrowetting display (“EWD”), an electrophoreticdisplay (“EPD”), an embedded micro cavity display (“EMD”) and a nanocrystal display (“NCD”).

Since the LCD which has been in the limelight among the flat paneldisplays has advantages such as a small size, a light weight and lowpower consumption, the LCD has gradually received attention as areplacement means capable of overcoming disadvantages of the CRT. TheLCD has been installed and used on almost all information processingdevices requiring a display device. The LCD is a device in which aliquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal material is between anupper substrate where a common electrode, a color filter and the likeare disposed, and a lower substrate where a thin film transistor, apixel electrode and the like are disposed. Different electricalpotentials are applied to the pixel electrode and the common electrodeto form an electric field to change alignment of liquid crystalmolecules in the liquid crystal material, thereby controllingtransmittance of light to express an image by the LCD.

In the LCD, since the liquid crystal panel is a non-emissive elementwhich does not self-emit light, the LCD further includes a backlightunit for providing the light to the liquid crystal panel from the lowerportion of the liquid crystal panel.

In contrast, the OLED among the flat panel displays includes a lightemitting diode (“LED”) self-emitting light and thus does not use thebacklight unit.

SUMMARY

One or more exemplary embodiment of the invention provides a displaydevice having advantages of generating a sound without installing aseparate speaker or sensing a touch or an operation without adding aseparate touch panel or a touch sensor.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention provides a display device,including: a display panel configured to display an image; a soundelement on a rear side of the display panel; and a rear chassisconfigured to receive the display panel and protect the rear side of thedisplay panel, and including a protruding portion protruding away fromthe rear side of the display panel and corresponding to the soundelement. The sound element includes a pair of electrodes, and avibration material layer between the electrodes.

An open portion may be defined in the rear chassis and extend along aboundary of the protruding portion.

The open portion may be defined at an inside or outside of theprotruding portion.

The protruding portion and the sound element may be in one-to-onecorrespondence.

The display device may further include a plurality of protrudingportions and a plurality of sound elements.

Two or more sound elements may correspond to one protruding portion.

The sound element may be in an inner area of the protruding portion; andthe rear chassis may further include a wire connection portion throughwhich a sound signal wire which receives a sound signal from outside therear chassis extends to the inner area of the protruding portion.

The pair of electrodes of the sound element may include: a firstelectrode on a first side of the vibration material layer, a secondelectrode on an opposing second side of the vibration material layer,and an electrode pad defined by a portion of the first or secondelectrode, the portion extended along a side of the vibration materiallayer.

The display device may further include a fixing member which is betweenthe sound element and the rear side of the display panel, and attachesthe sound element to the rear side of the display panel, where thefixing member includes non-conductive epoxy.

The sound element may further include a plurality of vibration materiallayers and a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of vibrationmaterial layers may be arranged in a multi-layered structure andalternate with the plurality of electrodes, and the plurality ofelectrodes may be respectively at opposing outermost sides of the soundelement and between adjacent vibration material layers.

The sound element may further include an electrode pad defined by aportion of an outermost electrode among the outermost electrodes, theportion extended along an outermost side of a vibration material layer.

The plurality of electrodes may include a first pair of electrodeselectrically connected to each other and a second pair of electrodeselectrically connected to each other, and the electrodes of the firstpair alternate with the electrodes of the second pair.

The display device may further include an amplifier configured toamplify a sound signal applied from outside the sound element; and asound signal wire transferring the sound signal from the amplifier tothe sound element.

The display panel may include a substrate, a printed circuit board and aflexible printed circuit board, the substrate of the display panel maybe connected with the printed circuit board through the flexible printedcircuit board, and the amplifier may be on the printed circuit board.

The vibration material layer of the sound element may be configured togenerate vibration of a non-audible frequency, a change in thenon-audible frequency vibration is generated in response to an outsideforce applied to the sound element, and the change in the non-audiblefrequency vibration input to a haptic sensing function of a devicecomprising the display device, generates sensing of the outside force bythe haptic sensing function.

The vibration material layer of the sound element may be configured togenerate voltage in response to an outside force applied to the soundelement, and the generated voltage of the sound element input to apressure-sensing function of a device comprising the display device,generates sensing of the outside force by the pressure-sensing function.

The vibration material layer of the sound element may be configured togenerate a sound wave of a non-audible frequency, the non-audiblefrequency sound wave of the sound element is changed in response to anexternal movement applied to the non-audible frequency sound wave, andthe changed non-audible frequency sound wave input to an audio-inputmember for a motion-sensing function of a device comprising the displaydevice, generates sensing of the external movement by the motion-sensingfunction.

The vibration material layer of the sound element may be configured togenerate voltage in response to vibration applied to the sound element,and the voltage input to a charging function of a device comprising thedisplay device, generates charging of a battery which supplies power tothe display device.

Another exemplary embodiment of the invention provides a display device,including: a display panel configured to display an image; a soundelement on a rear side of the display panel; and a cushion memberconfigured to protect the rear side of the display panel and cover thesound element on the rear side of the display panel. The sound elementincludes a pair of electrodes, and a vibration material layer betweenthe electrodes.

The display device may further include a window positioned on a viewingside of the display panel.

A concave sound space may be defined inside the cushion member andcorrespond to the sound element.

The display device may further include a fixing element which is betweenthe sound element and the rear side of the display panel, and attachesthe sound element to the rear side of the display panel, where thefixing member includes non-conductive epoxy.

The display device may further include a fixing protrusion which is inthe concave sound space, and is between and contacts both the soundelement and the cushion member. The fixing protrusion maintains contactof the sound element with the rear side of the display panel.

The sound element may be positioned in the concave sound space.

The display device may further include a protective film between therear side of the display panel and the sound element.

The pair of electrodes of the sound element may include: a firstelectrode on a first side of the vibration material layer, a secondelectrode on an opposing second side of the vibration material layer,and an electrode pad defined by a portion of the first or secondelectrode, the portion extended along a side of the vibration materiallayer.

The sound element may further include a plurality of vibration materiallayers and a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of vibrationmaterial layers may be arranged in a multi-layered structure andalternate with the plurality of electrodes, and the plurality ofelectrodes may be respectively at opposing outermost sides of the soundelement and between adjacent vibration material layers.

The sound element may further include an electrode pad defined by aportion of an outermost electrode among the outermost electrodes, theportion extended along an outermost side of a vibration material layer.

The plurality of electrodes may include a first pair of electrodeselectrically connected to each other and a second pair of electrodeselectrically connected to each other, and the electrodes of the firstpair alternate with the electrodes of the second pair.

The display device may further include an amplifier configured toamplify a sound signal applied from outside the sound element; and asound signal wire which transfers the sound signal from the amplifier tothe sound element.

The display panel may include a substrate, a printed circuit board and aflexible printed circuit board, the substrate of the display panel maybe connected with the printed circuit board through the flexible printedcircuit board, and the amplifier may be on the printed circuit board.

The vibration material layer of the sound element may be configured togenerate vibration of a non-audible frequency, a change in thenon-audible frequency vibration is generated in response to an outsideforce applied to the sound element, and the change in the non-audiblefrequency vibration input to a haptic sensing function of a devicecomprising the display device, generates sensing of the outside force bythe haptic sensing function.

The vibration material layer of the sound element is configured togenerate voltage in response to an outside force applied to the soundelement, and the generated voltage of the sound element input to apressure-sensing function of a device comprising the display device,generates sensing of the outside force by the pressure-sensing function.

The vibration material layer of the sound element is configured togenerate a sound wave of a non-audible frequency, the non-audiblefrequency sound wave of the sound element is changed in response to anexternal movement applied to the non-audible frequency sound wave, andthe changed non-audible frequency sound wave input to an audio-inputmember for a motion-sensing function of a device comprising the displaydevice, generates sensing of the external movement by the motion-sensingfunction.

The vibration material layer of the sound element is configured togenerate voltage in response to vibration applied to the sound element,and the voltage input to a charging function of a device comprising thedisplay device, generates charging of a battery which supplies power tothe display device.

According to one or more exemplary embodiment of the invention, a soundis provided in a display device by a piezo material (for example, amaterial such as PVDF or PZT) receiving an electric field to provide thesound. Further, when a non-audible frequency vibration such as from auser touch is applied to the display device, the touch may be sensed byfeeding back the user's touch and thus a separate touch screen for atouch-display device is not necessary. Further, external movement to thedisplay device may be sensed by employing the Doppler's effect and thusa separate operational sensor for a display device may not be necessary.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other features of the invention will become more apparentby describing in further detail exemplary embodiments thereof withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an exemplary embodiment ofa display device according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a rear ofthe display device according to the invention.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are plan views illustrating alternative exemplaryembodiments of a rear of the display device according to the invention.

FIGS. 5 to 10 are graphs illustrating characteristics of the displaydevice according to the invention.

FIG. 11 is photographs showing vibration characteristics of the displaydevice according to the invention.

FIGS. 12 and 13 plan views illustrating various exemplary embodiments ofthe display device according to the invention.

FIGS. 14 to 18 are cross-sectional views illustrating various exemplaryembodiments of the display device according to the invention.

FIGS. 19 to 22 illustrate exemplary embodiments of structures of varioussound elements according to the invention.

FIGS. 23 and 24 are diagrams illustrating an exemplary embodiment of adisplay device including an amplifier according to the invention.

FIGS. 25 to 29 are diagrams illustrating usable driving characteristicsof the display device according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference tothe accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of theinvention are shown. As those skilled in the art would realize, thedescribed embodiments may be modified in various different ways, allwithout departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

In the drawings, the thickness of layers, films, panels, regions, etc.,are exaggerated for clarity. Like reference numerals designate likeelements throughout the specification. As used herein, connected mayrefer to elements being physically and/or electrically connected to eachother. It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film,region, or substrate is referred to as being “on” another element, itcan be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also bepresent. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directlyon” another element, there are no intervening elements present.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third,etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components,regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions,layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These termsare only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer orsection from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus,a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed belowcould be termed a second element, component, region, layer or sectionwithout departing from the teachings of the invention.

Spatially relative terms, such as “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper” andthe like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe therelationship of one element or feature to another element(s) orfeature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that thespatially relative terms are intended to encompass differentorientations of the device in use or operation, in addition to theorientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in thefigures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “lower”relative to other elements or features would then be oriented “above”relative to the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term“below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The devicemay be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations)and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpretedaccordingly.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Asused herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,”“comprising,” “includes” and/or “including,” when used in thisspecification, specify the presence of stated features, integers,operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude thepresence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps,operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

Embodiments of the invention are described herein with reference tocross-section illustrations that are schematic illustrations ofidealized embodiments (and intermediate structures) of the invention. Assuch, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, forexample, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to beexpected. Thus, embodiments of the invention should not be construed aslimited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but areto include deviations in shapes that result, for example, frommanufacturing.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will befurther understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly useddictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that isconsistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art andwill not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unlessexpressly so defined herein.

All methods described herein can be performed in a suitable order unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “suchas”), is intended merely to better illustrate the invention and does notpose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwiseclaimed. No language in the specification should be construed asindicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of theinvention as used herein.

Display devices have a minimal function of displaying an image, and as aresult, in order to provide a sound, a separate speaker is employed by adisplay device.

Touch sensing display devices have been developed which display an imageand provide a sound. In order to sense a touch or an operation in thetouch sensing display device, a touch panel including a touch sensor isadditionally provided with a display panel, or a separate touch sensoris disposed in the display panel, thereby undesirably increasing costsof the touch sensing display device. Therefore, there remains a need foran improved sound producing and touch sensing display device which doesnot undesirably increase costs thereof.

Hereinafter, an exemplary embodiment of a display device according tothe invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and2.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an exemplary embodiment ofa display device according to the invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan viewillustrating an exemplary embodiment of a rear of the display deviceaccording to the invention.

The display device 100 includes a display panel 70, a rear chassis 28receiving the display panel 70, protecting the rear of the display paneland including a protruding portion 28-1, and a sound element 27positioned in a space defined by the protruding portion 28-1.

The display panel 70 of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 may be aself-emitting display panel or a non-emissive display panel receivinglight from a light source to display an image. The self-light emittingdisplay panel includes an organic light emitting panel and the like, andthe non-emissive display panel includes a liquid crystal panel and thelike. The non-emissive display panel may include a backlight unit.

The display panel 70 includes a thin film transistor (“TFT”) substrateconfigured by a plurality of TFTs. The TFT substrate includes atransparent insulation substrate, the TFTs disposed in a matrix form, adata line connected to a source terminal of the TFT, and a gate lineconnected to a gate terminal of the TFT on the transparent insulationsubstrate. In addition, a pixel electrode including transparent indiumtin oxide (“ITO”) as a conductive material may be connected to a drainterminal of the TFTs. A detailed structure of the display panel 70 maybe various for each kind of display panel and each exemplary embodiment.

The display panel 70 of FIG. 1 may represent a display panel assembly.That is, the display panel assembly 70 of FIG. 1 may include a driverincluding an integrated circuit (“IC”) and a flexible printed circuitboard (“FPCB”) to drive a display panel, in addition to the displaypanel.

When the data line and the gate line of the display panel 70 areconnected to the FPCB, an electric signal is input from the FPCB to thedisplay panel 70. The electric signal such as an image signal and ascanning signal, is transferred to a source terminal and a gate terminalof the TFT. The TFT is turned on or off according to the scanning signalapplied to the gate terminal through the gate line and thus the imagesignal applied to the source terminal through the data line istransferred to or blocked from the drain terminal of the TFT. The FPCBreceives the image signal from the outside of the display panel to applyrespective driving signals to the data line and the gate line of thedisplay panel.

The FPCB generates an image signal and a scanning signal which aresignals for driving the display device 100, and a plurality of timingsignals for applying the image signal and the scanning signal at anappropriate timing. The FPCB applies the image signal and the scanningsignal to the gate line and the data line of the display panel 70,respectively. In addition, an exemplary embodiment of the FPCB accordingto the invention may include an amplifier (see FIG. 23) amplifying andtransferring a sound signal. The amplifier receives the sound signalreceived from the outside and amplifies the received sound signal andtransfers the amplified sound signal to the sound element 27 through asound signal wire (not shown).

The display device 100 may further include a mold frame (not shown), andthe display panel 70 may be fixed in the display device 100 by the moldframe. In addition, the display device 100 may further include a topchassis for maintaining a position of the display panel 70 to reduce oreffectively prevent deviation in a front direction (e.g., towards aviewing side) of the display device 100.

The rear chassis 28 which protects a rear of the display panel 70 isincluded in the display device 100. The rear chassis 28 may be called abottom chassis or a back chassis of the display device 100, and ispositioned at the rear of the display panel 70 to receive and protectthe display panel 70. According to an exemplary embodiment of thedisplay device 100, the rear chassis 28 is coupled with the mold frameor the top chassis of the display device, to protect the display panel70.

The rear chassis 28 includes a protruding portion 28-1 protruding in arear direction opposite to the front direction. A protruding degree(e.g., cross-sectional depth) and a width of the protruding portion 28-1are enlarged in FIG. 1 for clarity, but actually, the protruding degreemay not be easily recognized with the naked eye of a viewer of thedisplay device 100.

The protruding portion 28-1 defines an area in which the sound element27 is positioned and may serve as a soundbox which amplifies a soundprovided from the sound element 27. The sound element 27 may include avibration material layer 27-1.

The sound element 27 may be adhered to an inside of the protrudingportion 28-1 of the rear chassis 28 by a fixing member such as anadhesive 51. The adhesive 51 may include an adhesive includingnon-conductive epoxy, but is not limited thereto. Where the adhesiveincludes non-conductive epoxy, in order to dry the adhesive 51, thesound element 27 may be heated or naturally dried. When the soundelement 27 is heated, a characteristic of the vibration material layer27-1 deteriorates. The deterioration has been verified by a reliabilitytest result. Accordingly, when attaching the sound element 27 to therear chassis 28, the sound element 27 may be naturally dried even thoughextra time is required as compared to using heat to attach the soundelement 27. However, where sound quality provided from the sound element27 is not important (for example, a receiver providing an opponent soundon a telephone and the like), the sound element 27 may be attached withthe adhesive 51 by applying the heat.

The sound element 27 further includes a pair of electrodes 27-2, and thevibration material layer 27-1 is positioned between the electrodes. Thevibration material layer 27-1 includes a piezo material which isvibrated by an electric field provided from the pair of electrodes 27-2respectively positioned above and below the vibration material layer271-1. The piezo material may include, but is not limited to, polyvinylidene fluoride (“PVDF”) or lead zirconium titanite ceramics(“PZT”).

The PVDF includes polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE)and has a material characteristic such that the PVDR is easilymanufactured in a flexible film form. In contrast, manufacturing the PZTin a flexible film form is difficult as compared with that of the PVDF,and achieving a flexible characteristic may also be difficult. However,in an exemplary embodiment, in order that the PZT is used as thevibration material layer and formed in a film form, the PZT may be mixedwith the PVDF (or PVDF-TrFE).

As discussed above, the pair of electrodes 27-2 is positioned atopposing sides of the vibration material layer 27-1, respectively, andprovides an electric field to the vibration material layer 27-1. Theelectrodes 27-2 may include various conductive materials such as atransparent conductor such as ITO and indium zinc oxide (“IZO”), opaquemetal, conducting polymer and carbon nanotube (“CNT”).

The sound element 27 is attached to the inside of the protruding portion28-1 of the rear chassis 28 and vibrates. The protruding portion 28-1also vibrates due to the vibration of the sound element 27. As a result,there is a problem in that the vibration of the protruding portion 28-1translates into vibration of an entire of the rear chassis 28, and thevibration may be further transferred to the display panel 70.

Since the vibration is determined according to a material of the rearchassis 28 and a size of the vibration provided from the sound element27, when the actual vibration of the sound element 27 is relativelysmall, the problem may not occur. In order to remove a concern about thevibration provided from the sound element 27, an open portion 28-2positioned on an outer boundary of the protruding portion 28-1 isdefined in the protruding portion 28-1 of the rear chassis 28. The openportion 28-2 may otherwise be referred to as a slit or recess.

A plurality of open portions 28-2 may be defined in the protrudingportion 28-1 of the rear chassis 28. A single discrete open portion 28-2may extend partially or completely through a cross-sectional thicknessof the portion of the rear chassis 28 in which the open portion 28-2 isdefined.

The open portion 28-2 serves to buffer the vibration of the soundelement 27 so that the vibration is not transferred to the rear chassis28. The open portion 28-2 may also improve a movable range of the rearchassis protruding portion 28-1 so that the protruding portion 28-1faithfully serves as a soundbox during vibration. Further, sound isdischarged to the outside through the open portion 28-2 and thus theuser may easily hear the sound.

The open portion 28-2 has a parallel structure with a part of theboundary (e.g., an outer edge) of the protruding portion 28-1. A lengthin an extending direction of the open portion 28-2 and a width thereof,may have various structures according to various exemplary embodiments.The open portion 28-2 is disposed at a regular or uniform distance froman adjacent open portion 28-2. A group of open portions 28-2 arecollectively defined in a shape substantially parallel to the boundaryof the protruding portion 28-1. One or more groups of the open portions28-2 may be disposed proximate the boundary of the protruding portion28-1. In one exemplary embodiment, two groups of open portions 28-2 areshown in FIG. 2, but the invention is not limited thereto or thereby.While 28-2 is used to indicate a single, discrete open portion in thefigures, it will be understood that 28-2 may be used to refer to acollective group of open portions 28-2.

Referring to the plan view of FIG. 2, the open portion 28-2 ispositioned in the protruding portion 28-1. The open portion 28-2 may bepositioned outside of the protruding portion 28-1 in the plan view,according to an alternative exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 2, the protruding portion 28-1 has a circular planarstructure. A wire connection portion 28-3 linearly extends from thecircular structure of the protruding portion 28-1. The wire connectionportion 28-3 is a portion where the sound signal wire transferring thesound signal transferred from the amplifier to the sound element 27 isconnected to the inside of the protruding portion 28-1. That is, thewire connection portion 28-3 may define a space which is connected tothe space at the inside of the protruding portion 28-1, such that thesound signal wire extends from the inside of the protruding portion 28-1to outside of the rear chassis 28 or other element of the display device100 (refer to FIG. 23, for example). The wire connection portion 28-3may protrude in a cross-sectional direction at substantially a samedistance as the protruding portion 28-1, or may protrude at a smallerdistance than the protruding portion 28-1 according to an alternativeexemplary embodiment.

According to an exemplary embodiment, a window member 30 (refer to FIG.14) including tempered glass or plastic may be disposed at the front ofthe display panel 70. The window member 30 reduces or effectivelyprevents damage to the front side of the display panel 70 due to a forcefrom outside the display panel 70. In one exemplary embodiment of adevice employing the display panel 70, the window member 30 mayconfigure an outer surface of a display side of a portable electronicdevice such as a portable telephone or other electronic device.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, only one sound element 27 isillustrated, but the number of sound elements 27 may be two or more.

Hereinafter, another exemplary embodiment of the invention will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are plan views illustrating alternative exemplaryembodiments of a display device according to the invention.

The exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 4 shows structures in which theopen portion 28-2 is different from that of the exemplary embodiment ofFIG. 2.

First, the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3 will be described.

The display device 100 of FIG. 3 includes the protruding portion 28-1and the wire connection portion 28-3 at the rear chassis 28, but doesnot include the open portion 28-2.

In contrast, the display device 100 of FIG. 4 includes the protrudingportion 28-1, the open portion 28-2 and the wire connection portion 28-3at the rear chassis 28. The open portion 28-2 is disposed outside of theprotruding portion 28-1 in the plan view, unlike the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 2. The open portion 28-2 may be defined partially orcompletely through a cross-sectional thickness of a plate portion (e.g.,where reference numeral 28 in FIG. 1 points) of the rear chassis 28 fromwhich the protruding portion 28-1 extends. The open portion 28-2 of FIG.4 may be on a different plane of the rear chassis 28 than a bottom plateportion of the protruding portion 28-1, while the open portion 28-2 ofFIG. 2 is in a same plane as the bottom plate portion of the protrudingportion 28-1. The open portion 28-2 is parallel to the boundary of theprotruding portion 28-1 similar to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 2,and the length and the width of a single, discrete open portion 28-2 maybe various according to exemplary embodiments of the invention.

Hereinafter, sound characteristics of the exemplary embodiment of thedisplay device 100 according to the invention will be described withreference to FIGS. 5 to 11.

First, a vibration characteristic at a predetermined position of therear chassis 28 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 10.

FIG. 5 illustrates a measuring position for measuring a soundcharacteristic and a position of the sound element of the display device100 according to the invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, the display device 100 of for evaluating thesound characteristic uses an exemplary embodiment including two soundelements (e.g., speakers). That is, the two sound elements arepositioned near {circle around (1)} and {circle around (2)} of FIG. 5and inside of the boundary of the protruding portion 28-1 of the rearchassis 28.

The rear chassis 28 is fixed at triangular portions (▴) illustrated inFIG. 5. In FIG. 5, the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 whichexcludes the open portion 28-2 at the protruding portion 28-1 isillustrated. During the experimentation, the sound characteristic ismeasured by using an exemplary embodiment of the display device 100(e1_base) without the open portion 28-2 as shown in FIG. 3, an exemplaryembodiment of the display device 100 (e1_slit in) with the open portion28-2 inside of the protruding portion 28-1 as shown FIG. 2, and anexemplary embodiment of the display device 100 (e1_slit out) with theopen portion 28-2 outside of the protruding portion 28-1 as shown inFIG. 4.

Further, the positions for measuring the sound characteristic areposition {circle around (1)}, {circle around (2)}, {circle around (3)},{circle around (4)} and {circle around (5)} of FIG. 5, and the soundcharacteristics at these respective positions are illustrated in FIGS. 6to 10.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6, the sound characteristic atposition {circle around (1)} is illustrated by a graph N1, in FIG. 7,the sound characteristic at position {circle around (2)} is illustratedby a graph N2, in FIG. 8, the sound characteristic at position {circlearound (3)} is illustrated by a graph N3, in FIG. 9, the soundcharacteristic at position {circle around (4)} is illustrated by a graphN4, and in FIG. 10, the sound characteristic at position {circle around(5)} is illustrated by a graph N5. The graphs of FIGS. 6 to 10illustrate stiffness of the rear chassis (newtons per millimeter: N/mm)with respect to frequency (hertz: Hz). As illustrated by these graphs,when the stiffness becomes relatively small, it is advantageous toamplify the sound.

Referring to FIGS. 6 to 10, the exemplary embodiments of the displaydevice 100 with open portion 28-2 (e1_slit in and e1_slit out) have abetter sound amplifying effect than the exemplary embodiment of thedisplay device 100 without the open portion 28-2 (e1_base). In addition,the exemplary embodiment of the display device 100 with the open portion28-2 outside of the protruding portion 28-1 has a good sound amplifyingeffect in a low frequency range of about 1 kilohertz (kHz) or less, anda high frequency range of about 3 kHz or more. The exemplary embodimentof the display device 100 with the open portion 28-2 inside of theprotruding portion 28-1 has a good sound amplifying effect in a mediumfrequency range between the low frequency range and the high frequencyrange described above.

FIG. 11 illustrates plan view of a result of photographing a vibrationcharacteristic at each frequency range (low sound, medium sound, highsound) after vibrating the exemplary embodiment of the display device100 (No slit) without the open portion 28-2 as shown in FIG. 3, theexemplary embodiment of the display device 100 (slit in) with the openportion 28-2 inside of the protruding portion 28-1 as shown in FIG. 2,and the exemplary embodiment of the display device 100 (slit out) withthe open portion 28-2 outside of the protruding portion 28-1 as shown inFIG. 4.

Referring to FIG. 11, it is verified that the exemplary embodiment ofthe display device 100 without the open portion 28-2 (No slit) as shownin FIG. 3 has a characteristic that the vibration by the sound element27 is widely spread to substantially the entire area of the rear chassis28 and thus the entire rear chassis 28 vibrates.

Further, it is verified that the exemplary embodiment of the displaydevice 100 (slit out) with the open portion 28-2 outside of theprotruding portion 28-1 like FIG. 4 has a good sound amplifying effectin a low frequency area (low sound) of 200 kHz to 1 kHz and a highfrequency area (high sound) of 8 kHz to 9 kHz. It is verified that theexemplary embodiment of the display device 100 with the open portion28-2 inside of the protruding portion 28-1 like FIG. 2 has a good soundamplifying effect in a medium sound area of 1.3 kHz to 2.7 kHz.

Therefore, the position of the open portion 28-2 may be controlledaccording to a frequency characteristic of a main sound of the displaydevice 100, and the open portions 28-2 may be defined inside and/oroutside of the protruding portion 28-1.

Hereinafter, various exemplary embodiments according to changes of thenumber, position and shape of the sound element 27 and the protrudingportion 28-1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 18.

First, various modifications of the protruding portion 28-1 at the rearchassis 28 will be described in FIG. 12.

FIG. 12 is a plan view which illustrates various shapes of theprotruding portion 28-1. In FIG. 2, the protruding portion 28-1protrudes in a substantially three-dimensional cylindrical form from theplate portion of the bottom chassis 28, except for the wire connectionportion 28-3 is illustrated. In contrast, FIG. 12 illustrates variousplanar shapes of the protruding portion 28-1 except for the wireconnection portion 28-3, which protrude from the plate portion of thebottom chassis 28 to define a three-dimensional form.

The planar shape of the protruding portion 28-1 is illustrated from arear side of the display device. The planar shapes are shown as variousshapes such as a curved shape including, but not limited to, an oval (a)and (b), or a quadrangular structure (c) having round edges in additionto the circular shape. Unlike those shapes illustrated in FIG. 12, aquadrangular structure may have angular edges. The protruding portion28-1 may also have a polygonal structure having round edges and/or apolygonal structure having angular edges.

The protruding portion 28-1 may include only one shape, such as shown in(a), (b), (c) and (f), however, the invention is not limited thereto orthereby. The protruding portion 28-1 may also include multiple discreteshapes, such as shown in (d) and (e), which each define athree-dimensional form which protrudes from the plate portion of therear chassis 28.

One sound element 27 may be disposed in the protruding portion 28-1, buttwo or more sound elements 27 may be disposed as illustrated in FIG. 5.Alternatively, only one sound element 27 may be positioned at the centerof the protruding portion 28-1, but the invention is not limited theretoor thereby.

In FIG. 12, the exemplary embodiment in which two protruding portions28-1 having substantially the same size are disposed at the rear chassis28 at a regular distance is illustrated in (d), but an exemplaryembodiment in which two protruding portions 28-1 having different sizesis illustrated in (e). At least one sound element 27 may be positionedin each protruding portion 28-1, and the at least one sound element 27may be positioned at the center of the protruding portion 28-1, but theinvention is not limited thereto or thereby.

In addition, in FIG. 12, a protruding portion 28-1 having a shape inwhich two protruding portions 28-1 are overlapped with each other isillustrated in (f). That is, a structure, in which two differentcircular protruding portions 28-1 are arranged to be partiallyoverlapped with each other to form one continuous and integralprotruding portion 28-1, is illustrated. At least one sound element 27may be positioned in the protruding portion 28-1. Where the two soundelements 27 are positioned, one continuous protruding portion 28-1 isvirtually divided into two circular protruding portions as shown in (f),and thus the two sound elements 27 may be positioned at the centers ofthe circular shapes, respectively.

The shapes of the protruding portion 28-1 illustrated in FIG. 12illustrate some of the various exemplary embodiments of the invention,and the exemplary embodiment of the invention is not limited to theprotruding portions 28-1 of FIG. 12.

In FIG. 13, a more detailed structure of the rear chassis 28 includingthe open portion 28-2 and the wire connection portion 28-3 based on thecircular protruding portion 28-1 is illustrated. Various exemplaryembodiments are illustrated in FIG. 13 according to the position of theopen portion 28-2 and the number of protruding portions 28-1. Theexemplary embodiment having two sound elements 27 is illustrated in FIG.13.

First, the exemplary embodiment having one protruding portion 28-1 willbe described, with reference to (a) and (b) of FIG. 13. Two soundelements 27 are included in one protruding portion 28-1, and one wireconnection portion 28-3 corresponds to one protruding portion 28-1. Inone exemplary embodiment (a), the open portion 28-2 is positionedoutside of the protruding portion 28-1, and in another exemplaryembodiment (b), the open portion 28-2 is positioned inside of theprotruding portion 28-1. According to an alternative exemplaryembodiment, the open portion 28-2 may not be included in the rearchassis 28.

In the exemplary embodiment in which two protruding portions 28-1 aredisposed, one sound element 27 is positioned in each protruding portion28-1, respectively. The sound element 27 may be positioned at the centerof the protruding portion 28-1, but the invention is not limited theretoor thereby. Each protruding portion 28-1 has one wire connection portion28-3. In one exemplary embodiment (c), the open portions 28-2 arerespectively positioned outside of the protruding portions 28-1, and inanother exemplary embodiment (d), the open portions 28-2 arerespectively positioned inside of the protruding portion 28-1. Accordingto an alternative exemplary embodiment, the open portion 28-2 may not beincluded in the rear chassis 28. In another alternative exemplaryembodiment, one of the open portions 28-2 may be positioned outside andone of the open portions 28-2 may be positioned inside the protrudingportions 28-1.

In FIG. 13, the two sound elements 27 are illustrated, and when the twosound elements 27 are used, a stereo sound may be provided to a user.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 13, since only the circularstructure among various shapes of the protruding portion 28-1 of FIG. 12is used, more exemplary embodiments may be arranged when combining theexemplary embodiment of FIGS. 12 and 13. Modified exemplary embodimentswhich are not illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13 may be included in thescope of the invention.

In FIGS. 14 to 18, various exemplary embodiments based on an exemplaryembodiment of the invention using a cushion member such as a cushiontape 70-1 instead of the rear chassis 28 are illustrated. In theexemplary embodiments of FIGS. 14 to 18, the rear chassis 28 of FIG. 1may be included in a display panel (or display panel assembly)represented by 70 in FIGS. 14 to 18. That is, the cushion tape 70-1 maybe positioned on a rear side of the rear chassis 28, or, an additionalrear chassis 28 may be positioned on the rear side of the cushion tape70-1. Further, in FIGS. 14 to 18, exemplary embodiments of the inventionin which the window member 30 is disposed on the front side of thedisplay panel 70 are illustrated by a dotted line. The window member 30is not a constituent element to be necessarily included, and may includetempered glass or plastic to reduce or effectively prevent damage to thefront side of the display panel 70 from the outside. The window member30 may configure an outer surface of a display side of a portableelectronic device such as a portable telephone or other electronicdevices.

First, the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 14 will be described.

The display device 100 includes a display panel 70, a sound element 27positioned at the rear side of the display panel 70, and a cushionelement such as a tape 70-1 covering the rear side of the display panel70 and the sound element 27. According to an exemplary embodiment, awindow member 30 may be included at the front side of the display panel70 or the display panel assembly 70, but the invention is not limitedthereto or thereby.

The cushion tape 70-1 serves to protect the rear side of the displaypanel 70 and the sound element 27. The cushion tape 70-1 may include amaterial having elasticity and/or may have a black color blocking light.

With the cushion tape 70-1 attached to the display panel 70 and coveringthe sound element 27, a predetermined space is defined around the soundelement 27 as illustrated in FIG. 14 to serve as a soundbox echoing thesound of the sound element 27. The cushion-tape 70-1 may be spaced apartfrom the display panel 70 to define the predetermined space.

According to an exemplary embodiment, reference numeral 70 of FIG. 14may represent the display panel assembly, and not only the displaypanel. That is, the display panel assembly 70 of FIG. 14 may furtherinclude a driver including an IC chip and/or a FPCB to drive a displaypanel in addition to the display panel.

The display panel 70 or the display panel assembly of the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 14 may be a display panel self-emitting light or anon-emissive display panel receiving light from a light source todisplay an image. The self-light emitting display panel includes anorganic light emitting panel and the like, and the non-emissive displaypanel includes a liquid crystal panel and the like. The non-emissivedisplay panel may include a backlight unit.

The display panel 70 of FIG. 14 may further include a mold frame, andthe display panel may be fixed by the mold frame. In addition, in orderto reduce or effectively prevent deviation of the display panel 70 in afront direction, a top chassis may be further included, and a rearchassis called a bottom chassis or back chassis may be further included.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 14, the exemplary embodimentincluding only one sound element 27 is illustrated, but the number ofsound elements 27 may be two or more.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 14, the rear side of the displaypanel 70 and the sound element 27 directly contact each other. Where therear side of the display panel 70 is formed as a glass substrate withouta separate chassis, the glass substrate may be damaged by directlycontacting the sound element 27 and the glass substrate.

Accordingly, as shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 15, aprotective film 70-2 protecting the glass substrate is disposed on therear side of the display panel 70, and the sound element 27 and thecushion tape 70-1 are disposed therebelow, is also possible.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 14 and 15, the cushion tape 70-1covers the sound element 27, and may have a characteristic in which thesound is echoed and amplified by a space defined around the soundelement 27.

However, when a height of the sound element 27 is relatively small in across-sectional thickness direction of the display device 100, the spacewith the cushion tape 70-1 is commensurately small and thus may beinsufficient to serve as the soundbox.

Hereinafter, an exemplary embodiment in which a sound space 70-11 isdefined in the cushion tape 70-1 will be described with reference toFIGS. 16 and 17.

As illustrated in FIG. 16, a sound element 27 borders the rear side ofthe display panel 70. The cushion tape 70-1 also borders the rear sideof the display panel 70 and corresponds to the sound element 27. Thecushion tape 70-1 along with the sound element 27 defines the soundspace 70-11 which is concave and positioned at the rear side of thedisplay panel 70.

In the above exemplary embodiment, the sound space 70-11 may be definedwith a sufficient size according to a need to sufficiently amplify thesound provided from the sound element 27.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 16, the sound element 27 may beattached onto the rear side of the display panel 70 and remain spacedapart from the cushion tape 70-1, and in FIG. 17, the exemplaryembodiment in which the sound element 27 is fixed in the sound space70-11 and to the cushion tape 70-1 is illustrated.

As illustrated in FIG. 17, a fixing protrusion 70-12 is disposed in thesound space 70-11 defined by the cushion tape 70-1. The fixingprotrusion 70-12 may occupy a space between the sound element 27 and thecushion tape 70-1 such that the sound element 27 is held against thedisplay panel 70 and a position of the sound element 27 is maintainedwith respect to the rear side of the display panel 70. That is, thefixing protrusion 70-12 may be the sole member which maintains the soundelement 27 in contact with the display panel 70 (e.g., no further fixingmember or adhesive is used). The sound element 27 is fixed in the soundspace 70-11 defined by the cushion tape 70-1 via the fixing protrusion70-12. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 17, the cushion tape 70-1 andthe fixing protrusion 70-12 may include the same material, butalternatively may include different materials which are attached to eachother by an adhesive and the like.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 17, the sound element 27 contactsthe rear side of the display panel 70, but may be attached to the rearside of the display panel 70 by an adhesive interposed between the soundelement 27 and the display panel 70. The sound element 27 may be pressedand fixed to the rear side of the display panel 70 by the fixingprotrusion 70-12. Although the sound element 27 is not attached to therear side of the display panel 70 by the adhesive, the fixing protrusion70-12 functions to maintain the position of the sound element 27 withrespect to the display panel 70.

According to an exemplary embodiment, an exemplary embodiment having noconstituent element covering the sound element 27 is possible. That is,like the display device illustrated in FIG. 18, the sound element 27 ispositioned on the rear side of the display panel 70, and no constituentelement may be disposed on the rear side thereof. That is, the soundelement 27 is exposed to an outside of the display device 100.

Hereinafter, modified examples of the sound element 27 will be describedwith reference to FIGS. 19 to 22.

FIGS. 19 to 22 are diagrams illustrating various exemplary embodimentsof sound elements according to the invention.

First, a sound element 27 of FIG. 19 will be described.

FIG. 19 illustrates a partial cross-section of a sound element 27. Thesound element 27 includes a pair of electrodes 27-2 facing each otherand the vibration material layer 27-1 positioned between the electrodes.The vibration material layer 27-1 includes a piezo material which isvibrated by the electric field provided from the pair of electrodes 27-2above and below the vibration material layer 271. The piezo material mayinclude PVDF or PZT.

An upper electrode 27-2 is positioned above the vibration material layer27-1, and a lower electrode 27-2 is positioned below the vibrationmaterial layer 27-1. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 19, a portionof the lower electrode 27-2 extends up the side of the vibrationmaterial layer 27-1 to be positioned at above the vibration materiallayer 27-1. A portion of the lower electrode 27-2 positioned above thevibration material layer 27-1 configures an electrode pad 27-21. Inorder to apply an electric field to the vibration material layer 27-1, awire is connected to the two electrodes 27-2. As illustrated in FIG. 19,when the electrode pad 27-21 of the lower electrode 27-2 is positionedabove the vibration material layer 27-1, the two electrodes may bedirectly connected to each other above the vibration material layer27-1. As a result, although the lower portion of the sound element 27 isattached by an adhesive and the like to the display panel 70 or otherelement of the display device 100, a signal may be applied through theupper portion of the sound element 27.

The sound element 27 having a cross-section like FIG. 19 may have a planview as shown in FIG. 20 when viewed from a top of the sound element 27.A portion of two electrodes 27-2 is positioned at the upper portion ofthe sound element 27. The upper electrode 27-2 positioned at the upperportion occupies in large planar area of the sound element 27, and theelectrode pad 27-21 of the lower electrode 27-2 is positioned only in arelatively small planar area of the sound element 27. The electrode pad27-21 is separated from the upper electrode 27-2 at a regular distance.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 20, the electrode pad 27-21 has aquadrangular planar structure, and the upper electrode 27-2 has asubstantially circular structure except for the electrode pad 27-21portion. The vibration material layer 27-1 positioned below the upperelectrode 27-2 has the substantially circular structure, the lowerelectrode 27-2 has a circular structure, and the lower electrode 27-2 isconnected with the electrode pad 27-21 along the side of the vibrationmaterial layer 27-1. The lower electrode 27-2 and the electrode pad27-21 may form a single, unitary, indivisible electrode member.

As such, a pair of electrodes 27-2 is basically positioned at the upperportion and the lower portion of the sound element 27, and according toan exemplary embodiment, one electrode may be modified and used asanother structure or element of the display panel 70 and/or the displaydevice 100.

Referring to FIG. 21, the sound element 27 is configured by one upperelectrode 27-2 and a vibration material layer 27-1 therebelow. A rearchassis 28 is positioned below the vibration material layer 27-1. Therear chassis 28 includes a conductive material, such that the rearchassis 28 and the one upper electrode 27-2 serve as a pair ofelectrodes to provide an electric field to the vibration material layer27-1. That is, in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 21, where aconstituent element to which the sound element 27 is attached includes aconductive material, one electrode of the sound element 27 may beomitted and the constituent element (e.g., the rear chassis 28 in FIG.21) may serve as an electrode. A constituent element like the rearchassis 28 replacing the electrode may not receive other electricsignals except for a signal from the amplifier, but the invention is notlimited thereto or thereby.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 21, since the rear chassis 28serving as the lower electrode of the sound element 27 is much widerthan the sound element 27 and thus has many potential positions at whichto connect a wire. As a result, the electrode pad 27-21 positioned atthe upper portion of the sound element 27 by extending along the side ofthe vibration material layer 27-1 as illustrated in FIGS. 19 and 20, maynot be separately disposed.

Hereinafter, a multilayered sound element 27 will be described withreference to FIG. 22.

The sound element 27 according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 22includes three vibration material layers 27-1 and a total of fourelectrodes 27-2 which respectively face each other. The three vibrationmaterial layers 27-1 are arranged in a three-layered structure, and thefour electrodes 27-2 are positioned at the outmost side of the soundelement 28 and between the vibration material layers 27-1 having thethree-layered structure. The total of four electrodes 27-2 areelectrically connected with each other two by two, and alternatelydisposed with each other in a cross-sectional direction of the soundelement 27. Two electrodes 27-2 electrically connected to each other,may collectively form a single, unitary, indivisible electrode member.

A lowermost electrode 27-2 and an uppermost electrode 27-2 receivedifferent signals, and a middle electrode 27-2 is connected with theuppermost electrode 27-2 or the lowermost electrode 27-2 by extendingalong the side of the vibration material layer 27-1. That is, connectedelectrodes which are different planes of the sound element 27 than eachother, are connected to each other by extending along the side of thevibration material layer 27-1. The lowermost electrode 27-2 isconfigured so that the electrode pad 27-21 is positioned space apartfrom and beside the uppermost electrode 27-2 to be easily connected withthe wire. As a result, since the electrodes 27-2 connected by thevertical portions thereof apply different signals, the vibrationmaterial layers 27-1 vibrate to generate the sound. In the exemplaryembodiment of FIG. 22, the three vibration material layers 27-1 maygenerate high sound pressure as compared with only one vibrationmaterial layer 27-1.

Hereinafter, an amplifier 80 providing a signal to the sound element 27will be described with reference to FIGS. 23 and 24.

FIGS. 23 and 24 are diagrams illustrating an exemplary embodiment of adisplay device including an amplifier according to the invention.

In the exemplary embodiment of the display device 100 according to theinvention, the amplifier 80 is positioned on a printed circuit board 78.The amplifier 80 may be positioned in a signal controller (notillustrated) controlling image display of the display device 100 and maybe separately formed. FIGS. 23 and 24 illustrate a separately configuredexemplary embodiment, but the invention is not limited thereto orthereby.

An output of the amplifier 80 is transferred to the display panel 70along a FPCB 79, and a signal is applied to the sound element 27 througha sound signal wire 80-1 disposed at the display panel 70.

The amplifier 80 receives a sound signal received from outside andamplifies the received sound signal to transfer the amplified soundsignal to the sound element 27 through the sound signal wire 80-1.

The amplifier 80 may be implemented by various ICs, and an exemplaryembodiment among the integrated circuits is illustrated in FIG. 24.

The amplifier 80 includes one IC chip, and further includes a coil, acapacitor, and a resistor element around the amplifier. When describinga structure illustrated in FIG. 24, one IC chip has a total of 16 inputand output terminals. The input and output terminals include one powervoltage input terminal VDD, two ground voltage input terminals PGND andSGND, two predetermined voltage input terminals SW and VBST, four inputsignal terminals IN1+, IN1−, IN2+, and IN2−, two output signal terminalsOUT+and OUT−, and four selection signal input terminals SHDN, SCL/GAIN,SW/RW, and SDA/SEL. Four input signals are amplified and convertedaccording to a signal selected by the four selection signal inputterminals to be provided to the two output terminals.

A sound signal applied to the amplifier 80 is provided from the outsideof the display device 100, and in the case of a portable terminal orportable electronic device which a user personally transports, the soundsignal may be provided from a control unit MPU of the portable terminalto the amplifier 80.

Hereinafter, an exemplary embodiment of a function of the sound element27 as a drivable characteristic of the display device 100 other than afunction of providing sound to the user of an electronic device will bedescribed.

FIGS. 25 to 29 are diagrams illustrating exemplary embodiments of usabledriving characteristics of a display device according to the invention.

First, in FIG. 25, a haptic function of the display device to providetactile feedback by taking advantage of the sense of a touch by applyingforces, vibrations or motions, may be employed by using a frequencyother than an audible frequency due to vibration of the sound element27. The graph of FIG. 25 illustrates a sound pressure level (SPL) withrespect to a frequency in hertz.

Vibration may be entirely generated in the display device 100 by thesound element 27. Low vibration at a frequency other than an audiblefrequency is also generated in the display device 100, as indicated bythe circled portion of the graph in FIG. 25. Since the user does nothear the frequency other than an audible frequency, although this lowerfrequency is present in the display device 100, there is no impact onsound quality of the display device 100.

In one exemplary embodiment, when the user applies a force or motion,e.g., touches, the display device 100, the touch may be sensed bysensing changed vibration. The sensing of the touch may be detected bythe degree of a touch or whether there is even a touch present.According to an exemplary embodiment, a haptic function may be used inthe display device 100 together with an audible frequency function for asound function. That is, the haptic function of the display device 100may be implemented by detecting a force or motion applied to the displaypanel 100 to sense the touch by using the vibration at a non-audiblefrequency other than the audible frequency provided by the sound element27, and verifying a touch or not of the user. To this end, a sensorcapable of sensing vibration of a low, non-audible frequency other thanthe audible frequency may further be included in the display device 100.The haptic function of the display device 100 may be implemented byusing the sensor and a signal controller which displays an image in thedisplay device 100 and/or a control unit MPU of the portable terminal.

Hereinafter, a function of a pressure sensing sensor will be describedwith reference to FIG. 26.

The vibration material layer 27-1 included in the sound element 27,vibrates by an electric field applied thereto, to generate a sound.However, where the vibration material layer 27-1 vibrates without theelectric field, an electrical voltage is generated from the vibrationmaterial layer 27-1. The vibration material layer 27-1 may vibratewithout the electric field when the user applies a force (F in FIG. 26),e.g., touches, the display device 100. When the generated voltage issensed, a displacement generated at the vibration material layer 27-1may be detected and verified, and such displacement is thereby generatedby pressure to serve in a function of sensing a pressure.

In order to sense the pressure using the sound element 27, a sensor 85capable of sensing voltage generated from the sound element 27 may befurther included in the display device 100 or companion element.However, according to an alternative exemplary embodiment, the amplifier80 may also serve as a pressure sensor by changing a structure of theamplifier 80 and driving the amplifier 80 and the sensor 85 in timedivision.

FIG. 27 illustrates an exemplary embodiment in which movement of auser's hand is sensed by using Doppler's effect.

When a high frequency or low frequency sound wave other than the audiblefrequency is generated at the sound element 27 positioned in the displaydevice 100, the user applies a force such as by moving a hand thereofrelative to the front of the display device 100 such that the generatedsound wave is changed. Such a sound wave is input to a sound inputterminal such as a microphone 130 of the portable terminal or portableelectronic device. As illustrated in FIG. 28, while the sound pressureis larger or smaller by a Doppler's effect due to the movement of theuser's hand, the sound wave is transferred to the microphone 130 and achange of the sound wave provided to the microphone 130 is sensed. As aresult, motion sensing via the change of the sound wave, whicheffectively senses the movement of the user's hand via the change in thesound wave, is possible.

In order to perform the motion sensing by using the sound element 27,the microphone 130 is employed. When the display device 100 includingthe sound element 27 is included in the portable terminal or portableelectronic device including the microphone 130, the motion sensing ispossible without a separate additional constituent element.

In the exemplary embodiment of the invention, since image processing bya camera to detect motion is not necessary and only the sound pressureinput to the microphone 130 is considered to detect motion, there is anadvantage in that the motion sensing of FIG. 27 is simple.

Hereinafter, a battery charging function of a portable electronic deviceusing the sound element 27 functioning as a pressure sensing sensor willbe described with reference to FIG. 29.

As illustrated in FIG. 26, when the vibration material layer 27-1included in the sound element 27 vibrates without the electric fieldsuch as when the user applies a force (F in FIG. 29), e.g., touches, thedisplay device 100, voltage is generated from the vibration materiallayer 27-1. Referring to FIG. 29, the generated voltage may be stored ina capacitor or a battery 87 and a use time of the battery 87 may beincreased. Generally, by a user transporting or moving the portableterminal or portable electronic device, the portable terminal is exposedto a predetermined level of vibration. Therefore, when the sound element27 is included in the portable terminal, the sound element 27 vibratesby virtue of the user just transporting the portable terminal and thevoltage is generated. Where the generated voltage is transferred to thebattery 87, the battery 87 may be charged by virtue of the user justtransporting the portable terminal.

In addition, when the portable terminal is not charged in a passive modeby the user merely transporting the portable terminal, the user mayactively charge the portable terminal such as by shaking the portableterminal including the sound element 27 and/or by purposely touching theportable terminal a number of times such as by using a finger to vibratethe sound element, and as a result, the battery 87 may be charged in anactive charging mode.

As such, another function of the sound element 27 described withreference to FIGS. 25 to 29 may be performed together through timedivision driving while the sound element 27 provides the sound by usingone first sound element 27. Alternatively, one or more separate secondsound element 27 is additionally disposed in the display device 100,where such second sound element 27 is not connected to the amplifier,but is instead connected to a separate sensor and/or battery, and as aresult, only a sensing operation or battery charging operation may beperformed by the one or more second sound element 27.

In previous exemplary embodiments of the invention, the sound element 27is positioned in the display device 100. However, in order to representthe driving characteristics of the display device 100 with reference toFIGS. 25 to 29, the sound element 27 may be included at some place ofthe portable terminal in which the display device 100 is used such thatthe sound element is not necessarily positioned within the displaydevice 100.

While this invention has been described in connection with what ispresently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to beunderstood that the invention is not limited to the disclosedembodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover variousmodifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit andscope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A display device, comprising: a display panelconfigured to display an image; a sound element configured to generate asound; and a rear chassis configured to receive the display panel andprotect a rear side of the display panel, wherein the sound element isattached to the rear chassis, and at least one opening portion isdisposed around the sound element.
 2. The display device of claim 1,wherein the at least one opening portion is disposed in the rearchassis.
 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein a space is disposedbetween the sound element and the rear chassis to serve as a soundbox.4. The display device of claim 3, wherein the rear chassis defines thespace.
 5. The display device of claim 3, wherein the rear chassis has aprotruding portion which corresponds to the space.
 6. The display deviceof claim 5, wherein the at least one opening portion is disposed nearthe protruding portion.
 7. The display device of claim 6, wherein the atleast one opening portion is arranged parallel to an edge of theprotruding portion.
 8. The display device of claim 5, wherein: theprotruding portion and the sound element are in one-to-onecorrespondence.
 9. The display device of claim 8, wherein: the soundelement is disposed in the protruding portion.
 10. The display device ofclaim 9, further comprising: another sound element configured togenerate a sound and attached to the rear chassis, wherein the rearchassis has another protruding portion, and the another sound element isdisposed in the another protruding portion.
 11. The display device ofclaim 10, wherein the protruding portion and the another protrudingportion are connected each other.
 12. The display device of claim 8,further comprising: another sound element configured to generate a soundand attached to the rear chassis, wherein the sound element and theanother sound element are disposed in a same protruding portion.
 13. Thedisplay device of claim 1, wherein the display panel is an organic lightemitting diode display panel.
 14. The display device of claim 1, whereinthe sound element comprises a pair of electrodes, and a vibrationmaterial layer which is between the electrodes.
 15. The display deviceof claim 7, further comprising: a fixing member which is between thesound element and the rear chassis, wherein the fixing member comprisesnon-conductive epoxy.
 16. The display device of claim 1, furthercomprising an amplifier configured to amplify a sound signal appliedfrom outside the sound element, wherein: the display panel comprises asubstrate, a printed circuit board, and a flexible printed circuit boardwhich connects the substrate with the printed circuit board, and theamplifier is on the printed circuit board.
 17. The display device ofclaim 14, wherein: the vibration material layer of the sound element isconfigured to generate vibration of a non-audible frequency, and achange in the non-audible frequency vibration is generated in responseto an outside force applied to the sound element, and the change in thenon-audible frequency vibration input to a haptic sensing function of adevice comprising the display device, generates sensing of the outsideforce by the haptic sensing function.
 18. The display device of claim14, wherein: the vibration material layer of the sound element isconfigured to generate voltage in response to an external pressure of anoutside force applied to the sound element, and the generated voltage ofthe sound element input to a pressure-sensing function of a devicecomprising the display device, generates sensing of the outside force bythe pressure-sensing function.
 19. The display device of claim 14,wherein: the vibration material layer of the sound element is configuredto generate a sound wave of a non-audible frequency, the non-audiblefrequency sound wave of the sound element is changed in response to anexternal movement applied to the non-audible frequency sound wave, andthe changed non-audible frequency sound wave input to an audio-inputmember for a motion-sensing function of a device comprising the displaydevice, generates sensing of the external movement by the motion-sensingfunction.
 20. The display device of claim 14, wherein: the vibrationmaterial layer of the sound element is configured to generate voltage inresponse to vibration applied to the sound element, and the voltageinput to a charging function of a device comprising the display device,generates charging of a battery which supplies power to the displaydevice.
 21. The display device of claim 1, wherein: a number of thesound element is two or more.
 22. The display device of claim 3,wherein: a number of the sound element is two or more.
 23. The displaydevice of claim 22, wherein: the two or more sound elements are disposedin the space disposed between the sound element and the rear chassis.